Old man mumble

　A cookie (American English), or a biscuit (British English), is a baked or cooked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat and sweet. It usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. It may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, nuts, etc.

　Most English-speaking countries call crunchy cookies "biscuits", except for the United States and Canada, where "biscuit" refers to a type of quick bread. Chewier biscuits are sometimes called "cookies" even in the United Kingdom.[3] Some cookies may also be named by their shape, such as date squares or bars.

　Biscuit or cookie variants include sandwich biscuits, such as custard creams, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons and Oreos, with marshmallow or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. Cookies are often served with beverages such as milk, coffee or tea and sometimes dunked, an approach which releases more flavour from confections by dissolving the sugars,[4] while also softening their texture. Factory-made cookies are sold in grocery stores, convenience stores and vending machines. Fresh-baked cookies are sold at bakeries and coffeehouses.　(From Wikipedia)

　A scone is a traditional British baked good, popular in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is usually made of either wheat or oatmeal with baking powder as a leavening agent, and baked on sheet pans. A scone is often slightly sweetened and occasionally glazed with egg wash.
　Scones are made by combining wheat flour, barley flour, or oatmeal with baking powder, then lightly kneading it together with milk before shaping and baking. They are often baked with butter cut into the flour or mixed with dried fruits like raisins or dates.
　In the mid-19th century, with the spread of baking powder and ovens, scones evolved into their current form. They are now enjoyed not only in their place of origin, Scotland, but also throughout the United Kingdom. Additionally, they are commonly consumed in Anglo-American regions across the Atlantic.

　Scones often appear in US coffee houses. The American version is sweet, heavy, dry and crumbly, similar to British rock cakes. They are usually triangular, and often contain fruit such as blueberries or sultanas, or such flavorings as pumpkin, cinnamon or chocolate chips. They may also be topped with icing. They are often eaten as they are (not topped with butter, jam or cream), along with coffee or tea.　

　The photo below shows an American-style scone. In North America, when we say "scone," it typically refers to scones with fillings. North American scones often include dried fruits like raisins, blueberries, and cranberries, as well as nuts, chocolate chips, and chocolate chunks (small pieces of chocolate). They are also characterized by having more sugar in the dough compared to British scones. Some people even drizzle a sugar glaze on top of the baked scones. Additionally, savory scones with ingredients like cheese, onions, and bacon are enjoyed as a snack.

　A biscuit, in most English speaking countries, is a flour-based baked and shaped food product. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. They can also be savoury, similar to crackers. Types of biscuit include sandwich biscuits, digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, chocolate-coated marshmallow treats, Anzac biscuits, biscotti, and speculaas.
　In most of North America, nearly all hard sweet biscuits are called "cookies", while the term "biscuit" is used for a soft, leavened quick bread similar to a less sweet version of a scone.


　In the United States and some parts of Canada, a "biscuit" is a quick bread, somewhat similar to an unsweetened scone, but with a texture more 'fluffy and flaky' vs. 'sturdy and crumbly'. Biscuits may be referred to as either "baking powder biscuits" or "buttermilk biscuits" if buttermilk is used rather than milk as a liquid, as buttermilk is not only flavorful but acidic (allowing use of baking soda vs. baking powder which is a mixture of baking soda with an acidifier and buffer). A Southern regional variation using the term "beaten biscuit" (or in New England "sea biscuit") is closer to hardtack than soft dough biscuits.

　A taco is a traditional Mexican food consisting of a small hand-sized corn- or wheat-based tortilla topped with a filling. The tortilla is then folded around the filling and eaten by hand. A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, beans, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety. They are often garnished with various condiments, such as salsa, guacamole, or sour cream, and vegetables, such as lettuce, onion, tomatoes, and chiles. Tacos are a common form of antojitos, or Mexican street food, which have spread around the world.

　Tacos can be contrasted with similar foods such as burritos, which are often much larger and rolled rather than folded; taquitos, which are rolled and fried; or chalupas/tostadas, in which the tortilla is fried before filling.　

　In cooking, al dente (Italian pronunciation: [al ˈdɛnte]) describes pasta or rice that is cooked to be firm to the bite.

・Vongole rosso: scallion and tomato sauce.　Vongole means clams and rosso means red.

・Vongole bianco: clams and white wine.　Vongole is for clams and bianco is for white.

・Bolognese: meat sauce.　From the word "Bolognese," meaning "from Bologna.

・Arrabiata: tomato sauce, garlic, hot peppers, olive oil.　Arrabbiata means "to be angry. It is named for its spicy, red face.

・Pescatora: seafood with tomato sauce.　Pescatora means "hunter's style".

・Amatriciana: a sauce based on crispy bacon, whole tomatoes and red peppers.　Sometimes called "amatriciana," amatriciana means "in the style of Amatrice, a town in the province of Lazio.

・Puttanesca: tomato sauce with black olives, capers and anchovies.　Prostitute style. In Italy, it is called this because it is so delicious that prostitutes use it to tout their wares.

・Pomodoro: tomato sauce.　Pomodoro means tomato.

・Carbonara: eggs,cream,bacon.　Carbonara is "charbroiled style" and "charbroiled artisan".

・Boscaiola: a dish made with mushrooms.　Boscaiola is "lumberjack.

・Peperoncino: chili peppers, garlic and olive oil.　Peperoncino is also called "pasta of despair" because it has so few ingredients.

・Genovese: basil, pine nuts, garlic.　Genoa in Liguria, Italy is famous for its basil. A paste made by grinding basil, pine nuts, and garlic is called pesto alla genovese.

　Pasta is a food product made mainly from durum wheat semolina flour. It can be broadly classified into two types: small, short pasta such as macaroni and long, noodle-like pasta such as spaghetti. There are also dumpling- and board-shaped pasta.

○Long pasta
・Spaghetti is a long, round pasta dish commonly referred to as spaghetti. Spaghetti is also known as spago (spago string).

・Fettuccine is one of the long pastas familiar in Japan, often referred to as "crepe-like pasta".

・Fettuccine is one of the long pasta, often referred to as "fettuccine" in Japan.

・Bucatini is a long, tubular pasta that is thicker than spaghetti (2 to 3 mm in diameter) and has a hole in the center.

・Capellini is a long, thin pasta with a diameter of 0.9 mm.
　 　 　 　
・Linguine is flat but oval in cross section, not just thinly sliced like fettuccine.

○Short pasta
・Maccheroni is a well-known tubular macaroni pasta. Maccheroni is a short pasta with holes about 4 mm in diameter, although the thickness varies slightly.

・Penne is a tubular pasta with a diameter of about 6 mm, cut diagonally at both ends. Penne means pen nibs.

・Farfalle is a ribbon-shaped short pasta whose name comes from the meaning of butterfly.

・Rigatoni is a thick, cylindrical pasta about 2 cm long with a straight groove on the outside.

・Conchiglie is a short pasta, also called shell.　It is similar to dry pasta gnocchi, but has thin, narrow stripes on the outside instead of steps.

・Gnocchi are not gnocchi, but short pasta without potatoes, which are often available in dried form. Gnocco means "dumb and silly.

・Lasagne is a commercially available dried type of pasta that is usually about 20 cm long and less than 10 cm wide.

・Ravioli are small, square pasta with stuffing.

　Pizza or pizza (Italian: pizza) is a dish of Italian origin made by kneading flour, water, salt, and yeast, fermenting the dough, rolling it out into a thin round shape, topping it with tomatoes, cheese, and various other ingredients (anchovies, mushrooms, onions, olives, other vegetables, meat, etc.), and baking it in an oven or special It is a dish that originated in Italy. (It has its origins in Egypt).
　Smaller versions are sometimes called pizzetta (Italian: pizzetta) to distinguish them from the larger ones.

Classification of Pizza by Ingredient
・Margherita: Basilico, mozzarella and tomato sauce.

・Marinara: Sailor style, garlic, olive oil, tomato sauce. Garlic, olive oil, tomato sauce.

・Quattro formaggi: four kinds of cheese.

・Quattro Stagioni: with seasonal ingredients.

・Boscaiola: a lumberjack style. Boscaiola: Boscaiola is made with mushrooms from the mountains.

・Romana: Roman style pizza.

・Napoletana: Neapolitan style. Napoletana: Neapolitan style, but not Neapolitan pizza.

・Bismarck: Pizza with a half-boiled fried egg in the center.
　The name derives from the fact that one of Prussian Prime Minister Bismarck's
　favorite foods was steak with a fried egg on top.